Journal: Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society

Article Title: Progress in Three-Dimensional Printing with Growth Factors

doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.12.035

Figure Lengend Snippet: Printing methods used in published studies on three-dimensional printing with growth factors as of October 2018.

Article Snippet: * References indicated with an asterisk involve multiple growth factors and/or formation of multiple tissue types. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 Table 3. caption a7 Printing Technique Printer Approximate Printed Strand Diameter (μm) Approximate Scaffold Pore Size (μm) Post-printing Processing Reference Number Extrusion: single channel 3D-Bioplotter ® (EnvisionTec) 100 100 Surface treatment 30 Unmeasured 500 Crosslinking 41 300 300 None 61 Unmeasured 500 None 80 3DDiscover™ (regenHU) Unmeasured Unmeasured None 74 BioScaffolder (GeSiM) Unmeasured Unmeasured None 50 680 1240 Incubation 64 420 Unmeasured Crosslinking 66 Unmeasured Unmeasured None 79 Custom-made Unmeasured 280, 365 Crosslinking 5 Unmeasured Unmeasured Crosslinking 13 250 300 Solvent evaporation 46 300 700 Freeze-drying 47 550 965 Crosslinking 76 Regenovo Bio-Printer™ (Regenovo) Unmeasured Unmeasured Crosslinking, incubation 42 Replicator ® 2X (Makerbot) Unmeasured 10 Cryogenic solvent evaporation, incubation 52 Extrusion: multi-channel BioScaffolder (GeSiM) 200 300 Crosslinking, incubation 43 Unmeasured Unmeasured None 62 Custom-made 200 400 Crosslinking 12 Unmeasured Unmeasured Incubation 14 150 250 Incubation 32 250 250 Incubation 44 Unmeasured Unmeasured Freeze-drying, incubation 45 Replicator ® 2X (Makerbot) Unmeasured Unmeasured Cryogenic solvent evaporation 53 Stereolithography Custom-made Unmeasured Unmeasured None 49 215 790 None 58 400 Unmeasured None 60 Printrbot ® (Printrbot) Unmeasured Unmeasured None 63 Open in a separate window Printing methods used in published studies on three-dimensional printing with growth factors as of October 2018. (I) Bioactivity Preservation As physiologic proteins, growth factors can lose their secondary and tertiary structures—And therefore their functions—under inhospitable conditions, such as those usually required for 3D printing.

Techniques: Incubation, Evaporation